Ana amfani da injinan haƙar ma'adinai kai tsaye don ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai da haɓaka su. Har da injinan haƙar ma'adinai da injinan beneficiation. Ka'idar aiki da tsarin injinan haƙar ma'adinai galibi iri ɗaya ne ko kama da waɗanda ake amfani da su wajen haƙar ma'adanai iri ɗaya. A takaice dai, injinan haƙar ma'adinai suma suna cikin injinan haƙar ma'adinai. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da adadi mai yawa na cranes, conveyors, ventilator da injunan magudanar ruwa a ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai.

Rarrabuwar injunan haƙar ma'adinai

1. Kayan aiki masu niƙa
Kayan niƙa kayan aikin injiniya ne da ake amfani da su wajen niƙa ma'adanai.

Sau da yawa ana raba ayyukan murƙushewa zuwa ga murƙushewa mai kauri, murƙushewa matsakaici da kuma murƙushewa mai kyau gwargwadon girman ciyarwa da fitar da ruwa. Kayan aikin da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da murƙushewa mai muƙamuƙi, murƙushewa mai tasiri, murƙushewa mai tasiri, murƙushewa mai haɗaka, murƙushewa mai mataki ɗaya, murƙushewa mai tsaye, murƙushewa mai gyratory, murƙushewa mai mazugi, murƙushewa mai naɗi, murƙushewa mai naɗi biyu, murƙushewa mai biyu-cikin-ɗaya, murƙushewa mai tsari ɗaya, da sauransu.

An raba shi zuwa rukuni shida bisa ga hanyar niƙawa da kuma halayen tsarin injin (ƙa'idar aiki).
(1) Na'urar niƙa muƙamuƙi (Laohukou). Aikin niƙa muƙamuƙi shine a danna farantin muƙamuƙi mai motsi lokaci-lokaci a kan farantin muƙamuƙi mai gyara don niƙa tubalan ma'adinan da ke cikinsa.
(2) Na'urar niƙa mazugi. Toshe ma'adinan yana tsakanin mazugi na ciki da na waje, mazugi na waje yana da ƙarfi, kuma mazugi na ciki yana juyawa ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba don murƙushe ko karya tubalin ma'adinan da ke cikinsa.
(3) Na'urar niƙa mai juyawa. Ana ci gaba da niƙa na'urar a cikin rata tsakanin na'urori biyu masu juyawa masu juyawa a akasin haka, amma kuma tana da tasirin niƙa da barewa, kuma saman na'urar niƙa mai haƙori shi ma yana da tasirin yankewa.
(4) Na'urar niƙa ma'adinai. Ana murƙushe ma'adinan ta hanyar tasirin sassan da ke juyawa cikin sauri. Kasancewar wannan rukuni za a iya raba shi zuwa: na'urar niƙa ma'adinai; na'urar niƙa ma'adinai; na'urar niƙa ma'adinai.
(5) Injin niƙa. Ana murƙushe ma'adinan ta hanyar tasirin da aikin niƙa na ma'aunin niƙa (ƙwallon ƙarfe, sandar ƙarfe, tsakuwa ko tubalin ma'adinai) a cikin silinda mai juyawa.
(6) Sauran nau'ikan injinan niƙa da niƙa.

2. Injinan hakar ma'adinai
Injinan haƙar ma'adinai kayan aikin injiniya ne da ake amfani da su don haƙar ma'adanai masu amfani kai tsaye da aikin haƙar ma'adinai, waɗanda suka haɗa da: injinan haƙar ma'adinai don haƙar ma'adanai na ƙarfe da ma'adanai marasa ƙarfe; injinan haƙar ma'adinai don haƙar kwal; injinan haƙar mai don haƙar mai. Injiniyan Burtaniya Walker ne ya tsara na'urar yanke faifan iska ta farko kuma an ƙera ta cikin nasara a kusan 1868. A shekarun 1880, an yi nasarar haƙa ɗaruruwan rijiyoyin mai a Amurka da injinan hura mai amfani da tururi. A shekarar 1907, an yi amfani da na'urar haƙa mai don haƙa rijiyoyin mai da iskar gas. Tun daga 1937, ana amfani da ita don haƙa rami a buɗe.

3. Injinan hakar ma'adinai
Injinan Haƙar Ma'adinai Injinan haƙar ma'adinai da ake amfani da su a ma'adinan ƙarƙashin ƙasa da na buɗe rami sun haɗa da: injinan haƙar ma'adinai don haƙar ma'adinai; injinan haƙar ma'adinai da kayan aiki da kayan aiki da kayan aiki don haƙa da loda ma'adinai; injinan haƙar ma'adinai don haƙa baranda, shafts da kuma daidaita su.

4. Injinan haƙa
Injinan haƙa rami an raba su zuwa nau'i biyu: injin haƙa dutse da injin haƙa rami. Injinan haƙa rami an raba su zuwa injin haƙa rami da injin haƙa rami.
① Ramin dutse: ana amfani da shi don haƙa ramuka masu fashewa waɗanda diamitansu ya kai 20-100 mm da zurfin ƙasa da mita 20 a cikin duwatsu sama da matsakaicin tauri. Dangane da ƙarfinsu, ana iya raba su zuwa iska, konewa na ciki, haƙan ruwa da kuma haƙan dutse na lantarki. Daga cikinsu, haƙan iska sune aka fi amfani da su.
② Injin haƙa ƙasa: Dangane da tsarin aiki daban-daban na dutsen ma'adinai, an raba shi zuwa injin haƙa igiyar ƙarfe, injin haƙa ramin ƙasa, injin haƙa na birgima da injin haƙa na juyawa. An maye gurbin injin haƙa igiyar waya a hankali da wasu injin haƙa saboda ƙarancin ingancinsu.
③Na'urar haƙa ramin ƙasa: Lokacin haƙa ramukan busassun ramukan ƙasa waɗanda diamitansu bai wuce mm 150 ba, ban da haƙa duwatsu, ana iya amfani da ƙananan ramukan ƙasa da ramin daga mm 80 zuwa 150.

5. Injinan rami
Ta amfani da matsin lamba na axial da ƙarfin juyawa na mai yanka don birgima a saman dutsen, yana iya murƙushe samuwar dutsen ma'adinai ko kayan aikin injiniya na ƙirƙirar rijiya kai tsaye. Wukake da ake amfani da su sun haɗa da hobs na diski, hobs na wedge, hobs na maɓalli da kayan aikin niƙa. Dangane da bambancin ramin rami, an raba shi zuwa rig na ɗagawa mai ban sha'awa, rig na shaft mai ban sha'awa da injin mai ban sha'awa na hanya mai faɗi.
① Ana amfani da injinan haƙa rami na musamman don haƙa ramukan ɗagawa da magudanar ruwa. Gabaɗaya, babu buƙatar shiga ramin ɗagawa. Ana fara haƙa ramin matukin jirgi da abin birgima, kuma ana amfani da na'urar sake girman ramin da aka yi da murhun faifan don sake girman ramin sama.
②An yi amfani da injin haƙa rami musamman don haƙa rijiya a lokaci guda, kuma ya ƙunshi tsarin kayan haƙa rami, na'urar juyawa, injin cirewa, tsarin ɗaga kayan haƙa rami da tsarin zagayawa cikin laka.
③ Injin haƙa, kayan aiki ne mai cikakken tsari wanda ke haɗa fasa dutse na injiniya da fitar da tarkace da kuma ci gaba da haƙa rami. Ana amfani da shi galibi don hanyoyin kwal, hanyoyin injiniya a cikin ma'adanai masu laushi da kuma daidaita ma'aunin dutse na ma'adinai tare da matsakaicin tauri da sama.

6. Injinan haƙar kwal
Ayyukan haƙar kwal sun bunƙasa tun daga injina na rabin-injini a shekarun 1950 zuwa injina mai cikakken ƙarfi a shekarun 1980. Ana amfani da cikakken haƙar kwal mai injina sosai a cikin haƙar kwal mai haɗa ganga biyu (ko garma ɗaya), masu ɗaukar kayan goge masu sassauƙa, tallafin motsi na hydraulic da sauran kayan aiki don yin haƙar kwal ɗin da aka murƙushe da kaya. Za a cimma cikakken haƙar kwal, sufuri, tallafi da sauran hanyoyin haɗi. Mai yanke ganga biyu injin faɗuwar kwal ne. Injin lantarki yana aika wutar lantarki zuwa gangar mai karkace don zubar da kwal ta hanyar rage sassan yankewa, kuma motar lantarki tana gano motsi na injin ta hanyar na'urar watsa sassan jan ƙarfe. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na jan ƙarfe, wato jan ƙarfe na sarkar anga da jan ƙarfe na sarkar mara anga. Ana samun jan ƙarfe na sarkar anga ta hanyar haɗa sprocket na ɓangaren jan ƙarfe tare da sarkar anga da aka ɗora akan na'urar jigilar kaya.

7. Haƙa mai
Injinan haƙar mai a bakin teku. Dangane da tsarin haƙar ma'adinai, an raba shi zuwa injinan haƙa, injinan haƙo mai, injinan aiki, da injinan fracturing da acidizing don kiyaye yawan samar da rijiyoyin mai. Injinan haƙo mai Cikakken saitin kayan aikin injiniya don haƙowa ko haƙo rijiyoyin samar da mai ko iskar gas. Injinan haƙo mai, gami da derricks, zane-zane, injinan wutar lantarki, tsarin zagayawa laka, tsarin tackle, tebura masu juyawa, shigarwar kan rijiyoyi da tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki. Ana amfani da derrick don shigar da cranes, tubalan tafiya, ƙugiya, da sauransu, don ɗaga wasu abubuwa masu nauyi sama da ƙasa ƙasan haƙo mai, da kuma dakatar da kayan aikin haƙowa a cikin rijiyar don haƙowa.

8. Injinan sarrafa ma'adinai
Beneficiation ita ce hanyar zaɓar ma'adanai masu amfani daga albarkatun ma'adinai da aka tattara bisa ga bambance-bambancen halayen jiki, na zahiri da na sinadarai na ma'adanai daban-daban. Ana kiran aiwatar da wannan tsari injinan beneficiation. Injinan beneficiation an raba su zuwa niƙa, niƙa, tantancewa, rarrabewa (rarrabawa) da injinan cire ruwa bisa ga tsarin beneficiation. Injinan murkushewa da aka fi amfani da su sune injinan murƙushe muƙamuƙi, injinan murƙushewa na gyratory, injinan murƙushewa na mazugi, injinan murƙushewa na roller da injinan murƙushewa. Mafi amfani da su a cikin injinan niƙa shine injin niƙa ganga, gami da injinan sanda, injinan ball, injinan tsakuwa da injinan niƙa mai laminated. Ana amfani da allon girgiza mai inertial da allon amsawa a cikin injinan tantancewa. Injinan rarrabuwa na hydraulic da injinan rarrabuwa sune injinan rarrabuwa da aka fi amfani da su a ayyukan rarrabuwar ruwa. Injin flotation na rabuwa da aka fi amfani da shi shine injin flotation na microbubble na airlift mai cikakken sashe, kuma mafi shaharar injinan bushewa shine tsarin screen dehydration tailings dry discharge. Mafi shaharar tsarin murƙushewa da niƙawa shine injin niƙa mai laminated superfine.

9. Injinan busarwa
Na'urar busar da gashi ta musamman sabuwar nau'in kayan busarwa ce ta musamman da aka ƙera bisa ga na'urar busar da drum, wadda za a iya amfani da ita sosai a:
1. Busar da ma'adinan kwal, kwal da ba a sarrafa ba, kwal mai tsafta da ake shawagi a kai, kwal mai tsafta da aka gauraya da sauran kayayyaki;
2. Busar da bututun ƙarfe mai fashewa, yumbu, bentonite, dutse mai laushi, yashi, dutse mai siffar quartz da sauran kayayyaki a masana'antar gini;
3. Busar da nau'ikan ƙarfe daban-daban, ragowar sharar gida, wutsiya da sauran kayayyaki a masana'antar beneficiation;
4. Busar da kayan da ba sa haifar da zafi a masana'antar sinadarai.