Ana amfani da injin ma'adinai kai tsaye don ayyukan hakar ma'adinai da haɓaka aiki.Ciki har da injinan hakar ma'adinai da injinan amfana.Ka'idar aiki da tsarin na'urorin bincike galibi iri ɗaya ne ko kamanceceniya da waɗanda ake amfani da su wajen haƙar ma'adanai makamantan haka.A fa]a]a, injunan bincike shima na injinan hakar ma'adinai ne.Bugu da kari, ana kuma amfani da cranes mai yawa, na'urori masu dauke da iska, da injinan magudanar ruwa a ayyukan hakar ma'adinai.

Rarraba injinan hakar ma'adinai

1. Kayan aikin murkushewa
Kayan aikin murkushe kayan aikin injina ne da ake amfani da su don murkushe ma'adanai.

Ana rarraba ayyukan murƙushewa zuwa murkushe ƙazanta, matsakaita da murƙushewa gwargwadon girman ciyarwa da fitarwa.Kayan aikin tsakuwa da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da muƙamuƙi, muƙamuƙi mai tasiri, ƙwanƙwasa mai tasiri, mahaɗar mahaɗa, ƙwanƙwasa guduma mai mataki-daki, a tsaye, gyratory crusher, mazugi, nadi, nadi, nadi biyu, biyu-in-one crusher, sau ɗaya. kafa crusher, da dai sauransu.

An kasu kashi shida bisa ga hanyar murkushewa da sifofin tsarin injin (ka'idar aiki).
(1) Maƙasudin muƙamuƙi (Laohukou).Matakin murkushewa shine a danna farantin muƙamuƙi lokaci-lokaci a kan kafaffen farantin muƙamuƙi don murkushe ɓangarorin ma'adinan da aka sanya a ciki.
(2) Injin mazugi.Tushen tama yana tsakanin mazugi na ciki da na waje, mazugi na waje yana daidaitawa, kuma mazugi na ciki yana jujjuyawa don murkushe ko karya katangar takin da aka yi sandwid a cikinta.
(3) Roller crusher.Nugget yafi fuskantar ci gaba da murkushewa a cikin rata tsakanin rollers biyu masu juyawa daban-daban, amma kuma yana da tasirin niƙa da bawo, kuma saman abin nadi mai haƙori shima yana da tasirin sara.
(4) Impact crusher.An murƙushe ma'adinan tama ta hanyar tasirin sassa masu motsi da sauri.Kasancewar wannan rukunin za a iya raba shi zuwa: hammer crusher;keji crusher;tasiri crusher.
(5) Injin niƙa.An murƙushe tama ta hanyar tasiri da aikin niƙa na matsakaicin niƙa (ƙwallon ƙarfe, sandar ƙarfe, tsakuwa ko toshe tama) a cikin silinda mai juyawa.
(6) Sauran nau'ikan injin niƙa da niƙa.

2. Injin hakar ma'adinai
Injin hakar ma'adinai shine kayan aikin injiniya da ake amfani da su don hakar ma'adinai kai tsaye na ma'adanai masu amfani da aikin hakar ma'adinai, gami da: injinan hakar ma'adinai don hakar ma'adinan ƙarfe da ma'adinai marasa ƙarfe;na'urorin hakar kwal don hakar kwal;Injin hako mai don hakar mai.Injiniya Walker dan kasar Birtaniya ne ya kera na'urar shear ta farko ta pneumatic, kuma an yi nasarar kera shi a kusan shekara ta 1868. A cikin shekarun 1880, an yi nasarar hako daruruwan rijiyoyin mai a Amurka tare da atisayen turawa.A cikin 1907, an yi amfani da na'urar nadi don haƙa mai da rijiyoyin iskar gas.Tun 1937, an yi amfani da shi don buɗaɗɗen ramin rami..

3. Injin hakar ma'adinai
Injin hakar ma'adinai Na'urorin hakar ma'adinai da ake amfani da su a karkashin kasa da na budadden ramin sun hada da: injinan hako ma'adinan fashewa;injunan hakowa da injinan lodi da sauke kayan tono da tama;Injin tunneling don hakowa patios, shafts da matakin daidaitawa.

4. Injin hakowa
Kayan aikin hakowa ya kasu kashi biyu: na'urorin hako dutse da na'urorin hakowa.An raba na'urorin hakowa zuwa na'urorin hakowa na sama da na'urorin hakowa na ƙasa.
① Rock rawar soja: Ana amfani da su don haƙa ramukan fashewa tare da diamita na 20-100 mm da zurfin ƙasa da mita 20 a cikin duwatsu sama da matsakaici-tauri.Dangane da ƙarfinsu, ana iya raba su zuwa iska, konewa na ciki, na'ura mai aiki da ruwa da na'urori na lantarki.Daga cikinsu, atisayen iska ne aka fi amfani da su.
② Na'urar hakowa saman: Dangane da tsarin aiki daban-daban na murkushe dutsen tama, an raba shi zuwa na'urar hako igiya ta karfe, na'urar hakowa ta ƙasa-da-rami, na'urar hakowa da na'urar rotary.Sannu a hankali an maye gurbin na'urorin haƙon igiya da sauran na'urorin hakar igiya saboda ƙarancin ingancinsu.
③Tsarin hakowa daga cikin rami: Lokacin da ake hako ramuka na kasa da diamita na kasa da 150 mm, baya ga aikin dutsen, ana iya amfani da karamin diamita na kasa-da-rami na 80 zuwa 150 mm.

5. Injin tunneling
Yin amfani da matsi na axial da ƙarfin juyi na mai yanka don mirgina a saman dutsen, zai iya murkushe samuwar dutsen tama kai tsaye ko samar da kayan aikin inji.Wukakan da aka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da hob ɗin faifai, hobs, hob ɗin maɓalli da kayan aikin niƙa.Dangane da bambanci na tunneling, an raba shi zuwa tada m rig, shaft m rig da lebur hanya m inji.
① Tada rami hako rigs ana amfani da musamman don hako ramuka da chutes.Gabaɗaya, babu buƙatar shigar da ramin ɗagawa.Ana hako ramin matukin ne da abin nadi da farko, kuma ramin reamer wanda ya ƙunshi hob ɗin diski ana amfani da shi don mayar da ramin zuwa sama.
②Ana amfani da na'urar hakowa ta musamman don hako rijiya a lokaci guda, kuma tana kunshe da tsarin kayan aikin hakowa, na'urar rotary, derrick, na'urar daga kayan aikin hakowa da tsarin rarraba laka.
③ Injin hakowa, kayan aiki ne na injina wanda ya hada da fashewar dutsen da zubar da tudu da ci gaba da tonowa.Ana amfani da shi musamman don hanyoyin kwal, injiniyoyin injiniya a cikin ma'adanai masu laushi da tsaka-tsaki na duwatsun tama tare da matsakaicin tauri da sama.Tunneling.

6. Injin hakar kwal
Ayyukan hakar ma'adinan kwal sun samo asali ne daga na'urar kere-kere a cikin shekarun 1950 zuwa ingantacciyar injiniyoyi a cikin 1980s.Ana amfani da cikakken ma'adinan ma'adinan ma'adinai mai zurfi a cikin yankan ganga biyu (guda ɗaya) haɗe masu hakar ma'adinai (ko garma), masu jigilar juzu'i, tallafin motsa jiki na ruwa da sauran kayan aikin don sanya fuskar haƙar ma'adinai ta murƙushewa da ɗaukar nauyi. sufuri, tallafi da sauran hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa za a gane.Mai sausaya ganga biyu inji ce mai faɗowa kwal.Motar lantarki tana watsa wutar lantarki zuwa ganga mai karkace don sauke kwal ta hanyar rage juzu'i, kuma motsi na na'ura yana faruwa ne ta hanyar injin lantarki ta hanyar na'urar watsawa ta juzu'i.Ainihin hanyoyi guda biyu ne na juzu'i, wato ƙugiya sarƙoƙi da sarƙoƙin sarƙoƙi.Ana samun gogayyawar sarƙar anka ta hanyar haɗa sprocket na ɓangaren juzu'i tare da sarkar anga da aka kafa akan mai isarwa.

7. Hako mai
Injin hako mai a bakin teku.Dangane da tsarin hakar ma'adinan, an raba shi zuwa injinan hakowa, injinan hako mai, injinan aiki, da injunan karya da acid don kiyaye yawan samar da rijiyoyin mai.Injin hako Cikakkun kayan aikin inji don hakowa ko hako rijiyoyin samar da man fetur ko iskar gas.Na'urorin hako mai, gami da tarkace, zane-zane, injinan wuta, tsarin zagayawa na laka, tsarin magancewa, na'urori masu juyawa, na'urorin sarrafa rijiyoyi da tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki.Ana amfani da derrick don shigar da cranes, tubalan tafiya, ƙugiya, da dai sauransu, don ɗaga wasu abubuwa masu nauyi sama da ƙasa a filin jirgin ruwa, da kuma dakatar da kayan aikin hakowa a cikin rijiyar don hakowa.

8. Injin sarrafa ma'adinai
Amfani shine tsarin zaɓin ma'adanai masu amfani daga albarkatun ma'adinai da aka tattara bisa ga bambance-bambance a cikin kayan jiki, jiki da sinadarai na ma'adanai daban-daban.Aiwatar da wannan tsari ana kiransa injinan amfana.An raba injunan tallafin zuwa murƙushewa, niƙa, tantancewa, rarrabuwa (tsawa) da injunan cire ruwa bisa ga tsarin amfana.Na'urorin murkushe da aka saba amfani da su sune muƙamuƙin muƙamuƙi, gyratory crushers, mazugi masu murƙushewa, abin nadi da na'urori masu tasiri.Mafi yawan amfani da injin niƙa shi ne injin ganga, wanda ya haɗa da injinan sanda, injin ƙwallo, niƙan tsakuwa da naƙasassun kayan sarrafa kansa.Ana amfani da allon jijjiga mara ƙarfi da allon rawa a cikin injin tantancewa.Nau'in na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa da na'urori na inji ana amfani da su sosai a cikin ayyukan rarraba jika.Injin rabuwa da aka saba amfani da shi shine na'ura mai cike da busasshiyar iska ta microbubble, kuma mafi shaharar injin bushewar ruwa shine allon bushewar fuska mai yawan mitar wutsiya.Mafi shaharar tsarin murkushewa da niƙa shi ne naƙasasshen abin da ya dace.

9. Injin bushewa
Na'urar bushewa ta musamman sabon nau'in na'urar bushewa ne wanda aka ƙera akan na'urar bushewa, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi ko'ina a:
1. Drying na kwal masana'antu slime, danyen kwal, flotation tsaftataccen gawayi, gauraye tsabta kwal da sauran kayan;
2. Drying na fashewa tanderu slag, yumbu, bentonite, farar ƙasa, yashi, ma'adini dutse da sauran kayan a cikin ginin masana'antu;
3. Bushewar nau'ikan ƙarfe daban-daban, ragowar sharar gida, wutsiya da sauran kayan a cikin masana'antar amfana;
4. Bushewar kayan da ba zafi ba a cikin masana'antar sinadarai.