Adadin zinare da aka tabbatar a duniya ya kai tan 100,000. Farashin zinare ya karu da kusan kashi 15% a cikin watanni uku da suka gabata.

A matsayin wani nau'in ƙarfe mai halaye biyu na kuɗi da kayayyaki, zinare muhimmin ɓangare ne na ajiyar kuɗin waje na ƙasashe daban-daban. Tun daga farkon Maris, farashin zinare na duniya ya tashi daga $1,676 a kowace oza zuwa $1,912.77 a ranar 1 ga Yuni, yana rufewa akan $1,904.84. Ya faɗi ƙasa da $1,900 a kowace oza ta Troy a cikin kwanaki biyu da suka gabata, amma har yanzu yana da tsada. A cikin watanni uku kacal, farashin zinare ya tashi kusan kashi 15%. Waɗanne canje-canje ne suka faru a cikin sarkar masana'antar zinare gaba ɗaya a fuskar hauhawar kasuwa?

Zhang Yongtao, Mataimakin Shugaba kuma Sakatare Janar na Ƙungiyar Zinare ta China, ya ce hauhawar farashin zinare ya samar da dama ta tarihi ga ci gaban masana'antar zinare ta cikin gida. Annobar ta bazu zuwa duk duniya, kuma sauye-sauyen da aka samu kwatsam a yanayin siyasa da tattalin arziki na duniya sun ƙara wa matsayin zinare da rawar da yake takawa, suna ba da goyon baya mai ƙarfi ga daidaito da hauhawar farashin zinare na duniya. Farashin zinare yana ƙaruwa da ƙaruwa a ci gaba da sauyawa, kasuwar zinare tana aiki. A halin yanzu, farashin zinare na duniya yana da girma, wanda ke ba da dama ta tarihi ga ci gaban masana'antar zinare.

Bayanai sun nuna cewa ci gaban da aka samu a duniya a fannin kasuwancin zinare ya gano waɗannan ma'ajiyar albarkatun da ta kai kimanin tan 100,000, gami da ma'ajiyar ilimi ta asali da ta kai tan 50,000. Daga cikin tan 100,000 na ƙarin bayanan albarkatun fasaha na lokacin zinariya, manyan abubuwan da ke ciki an rarraba su a ƙasashe sama da goma sha biyu, kamar Afirka ta Kudu, China, Rasha, Ostiraliya, Indonesia, da Amurka.

A cewar bayanai da Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Kasa ta fitar, a shekarar 2019, adadin zinare da kasar Sin ke da shi ya kai tan 14,131.06, wanda ya kai kimanin kashi 14.13 cikin 100 na jimillar duniya. Duk da haka, matakin binciken kasa na albarkatun ma'adinai na zinare a kasar Sin ya yi karanci, kuma muhimman ajiyarsa sun kai tan 2,298.36, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama ta tara mafi girman ajiyar zinare a duniya. Tun daga shekarar 2016, adadin ayyukan hako zinare a duniya ya karu a hankali, kuma ya fara raguwa a shekarar 2019. A shekarar 2020, an aiwatar da ayyukan hako zinare 1,990 a duk duniya, wanda ya karu da kashi 23% daga 1,546 a shekarar 2019.

A kowane wata, adadin ayyukan haƙar zinare na duniya a shekarar 2020 ya ƙaru a hankali bayan ya faɗi a watan Maris, inda ya ƙaru zuwa 197 a watan Disamba, wanda ya karu da kashi 112% daga ƙarancin watan Maris na 93. Ayyukan haƙar zinare sun taru a Ostiraliya, Kanada da Amurka. A shekarar 2020, Ostiraliya, Kanada da Amurka za su aiwatar da ayyukan haƙar zinare 659, 539 da 172 bi da bi. Tare, ƙasashen uku sun kai kashi 72% na ayyukan haƙar zinare na duniya. Daga 2016 zuwa 2018, adadin albarkatun zinare da aka gano a duniya ya nuna yanayin ƙaruwa a hankali, wanda ya kai tan 1,682.7 a shekarar 2018, kuma ya nuna raguwa sosai a shekarar 2019. A shekarar 2020, adadin albarkatun zinare da aka gano a duniya ya ƙaru sosai, wanda ya ƙaru da kashi 27% idan aka kwatanta da 2019, wanda ya kai tan 1,090. Jimillar albarkatun zinare da aka gano a shekarar 2020 a siffar "A", kuma adadin albarkatun zinare da aka gano a watan Yuni da Yuli shine mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi girma a shekarar, bi da bi, shine tan 4.9 da tan 410.6.

"Kodayake kuɗaɗen binciken ƙasa na ma'ajiyar zinare sun ragu sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, asusun ajiyar zinare da aka tabbatar ya ƙaru a hankali kowace shekara." Manyan matsaloli da ƙalubalen da China ke fuskanta don ci gaban tattalin arzikin masana'antar haƙar zinare sun bayyana a fannoni uku: Na farko, jarin da aka zuba a cikin kula da asusun binciken zinare ya ragu sosai, wanda ya haifar da "rikicin ƙarancin albarkatun zinare". Na biyu, kamfanonin samar da zinare da gudanarwa suna buƙatar yin ƙoƙari sosai don daidaitawa da sabon al'ada. Misali, an jera ragowar cyanide a cikin Jerin Shararrun Haɗari Masu Alaƙa da Gwamnati, wanda ke gabatar da babban buƙata don samar da ma'adanai na zinare. Na uku, bayanan kimiyya da fasaha na zinare ba za a iya biyan buƙatun masana'antu daban-daban ba wajen haɓaka kasuwa. "Sabuwar kimiyya da fasaha, gami da masu fasaha na muhalli na cyanide kyauta da ƙarancin masu fasaha na zinare (mai tsada, rashin cikakken haɗin kai), wahalhalun fasahar injiniyan haƙar ma'adinai mai zurfi ya kasance da wahalar warwarewa (kamar tsada, mai wahala).