Tsarin kumfa ana bayyana shi a matsayin wani aiki na zahiri da sinadarai, inda ake sha'awar ƙwayar ma'adinan, kuma ta manne kanta a saman kumfa, sannan a kai shi saman tantanin halitta, inda ya yi ta malalowa a cikin injin wanki. , yawanci tare da taimakon paddles, yana jujjuya zuwa hanyar wanki (wanda yawanci ramin ruwa ne, wanda manufarsa ita ce jigilar slurry zuwa tanki inda ake zuƙowa don ƙarin sarrafawa, kamar cire ruwa ko leaching. a kan na'urorin flotation na al'ada, yana kan kishiyar ƙarshen tantanin halitta daga abinci, yana tabbatar da slurry yana tafiya tsawon tsawon tantanin halitta da ya wuce bankuna da yawa masu ɗauke da impeller-diffusers, kafin a fitar da su azaman wutsiya.

Nau'o'in sinadarai da yawa suna shiga cikin kumfa, kuma ana iya haɗa wasu da yawa.Na farko shine mai talla ko frother.Wannan sinadari kawai yana haifar da kumfa mai isassun ƙarfi don sanya shi zuwa saman ba tare da karye ba.Girman kumfa yana da mahimmanci, kuma, kuma yanayin yana zuwa ƙananan kumfa, tun da yake suna ba da ƙarin wurare masu yawa (tuntuɓar ma'adinai da sauri), kuma suna da kwanciyar hankali.Na gaba masu tattarawa su ne sinadarai na farko wanda zai samar da alaƙa tsakanin takamaiman ma'adinai a saman kumfa.Masu tarawa suna shiga saman ma'adinan ko kuma suna haifar da halayen sinadarai tare da ma'adinan, suna barin shi ya kasance a makale don tafiya zuwa mai wanki.Barasa da raunin acid iri biyu ne na masu tarawa da ake amfani da su wajen cin gajiyar ma'adinai.

Har ila yau, akwai ƙananan reagents da aka yi amfani da su, irin su depressors, don ɓatar da mahadi don kada su bi kumfa, sinadarai masu daidaita pH, da wakilai masu kunnawa.Ma'aikatan da ke kunnawa da gaske suna taimaka wa mai karɓar haɗin gwiwa tare da takamaiman ma'adinai wanda ke da wahalar iyo.

Kamfanoni irin su Cytec, Nalco, da Chevron Phillips Chemical Company sune manyan masu kera kowane nau'in sinadarai na flotation.

Da kyau, za a ƙara reagents a cikin tanki mai kwantar da hankali, tare da mai tayar da hankali, kafin a je wurin tantanin halitta, amma a yawancin lokuta, ana ƙara su kawai a cikin abinci, kafin ya shiga cikin tantanin halitta, dogara ga sel kinetics da impellers. don hadawa.

Ma'adinan yana buƙatar ƙasa da kyau zuwa girman barbashi don 'yantar da ma'adinan, yawanci raga 100 ko finer (150 microns).Sa'an nan kuma a haɗe shi da ruwa zuwa mafi kyawun kashi (yawanci daga 5% zuwa 20%), wanda zai samar da mafi kyawun farfadowa na ma'adanai.An ƙayyade wannan a cikin sel ɗin rukunin gwaje-gwaje, suna gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa don tantance kowane mai tantance tsarin.

Nau'in injinan tuwo sun bambanta kuma, amma duk sun yi kama da juna, ta yadda suke shigar da iska a karkashin ruwa, kuma suna watsa shi cikin tantanin halitta.Wasu suna amfani da na'urorin busawa, damfarar iska, ko aikin injin tuwo, yana haifar da fanko a ƙarƙashinsa da jawo iska zuwa cikin injin, ta hanyar bututun da ke ɗauke da mashin ɗin.Yana cikin cikakkun bayanai na hanyar shigar da sinadarai, iska da ma'adanai a cikin ruwa ya sa su bambanta.

Kuma a matsayin sharhi, na shaidi ƙarin voodoo da da'awar inganci a cikin ƙirar injin flotation fiye da komai tun zamanin man maciji na Tsohon Yamma.Yana da hikima gabaɗaya a tsaya tare da kyakkyawan alama wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin iyo na ma'adinai da ake so.

Babban ci gaba ɗaya shine amfani da Rukunin Flotation azaman mafi tsaftataccen tantanin halitta a cikin masana'antar tagulla (da wasu 'yan masana'antu).Yana samar da samfur mafi tsafta, kuma ya fi inganci azaman tantanin halitta mai tsafta, gabaɗaya, fiye da sel masu ruwa na al'ada.Kwayoyin flotation na ginshiƙi sun fara bayyana a cikin tsire-tsire a ƙarshen 1970's zuwa cikin 1980's kuma 1990's sun karɓi ko'ina.Babban yanayin tare da sel masu ruwa na al'ada ya kasance Mafi Girma shine Mafi kyau, tare da manyan raka'a suna shigowa kasuwa cikin shekaru da yawa da suka gabata.